4000 psi oxygen valve

The files sp?alis? - Underwater exploration •. PAGES OF THE MEMBERS OF THE CLUB •. •. MARINE SPONGES, CNIDAIRES, WORMS. •. TEXTS REGLEMENTANT PRACTICE OF The UNDERWATER P?HE The UNDERWATER PLONGEE •. UNDERWATER EXPLORATION •. •. THE PRESSURE •. SUBMARINES AND THE SUBMARINES •. The MECANIQUE OF The FLUIDS •. The GAS STATE •. are 70 % of the surface of the sphere, approximately 360 million kilom?es carr?(140 million miles carr? Since Antiquit?usqu'?os days, it is a feature of union between the people and the continents. A long time is the man attach? to traverse only the surface of the oc?s, without risking itself to?ranchir the miroir. and p?trer in what Jacques-Yves time larger than the grounds?rg?, is d?sur?titanesque?' image of its canyons, its abyssal plains or even of the pit of Mariannes, situ?dans the Southern Pacific and of which depth. Deep seas always have?ill?a curiosit?e the man and have donn?ieu?utant myths and of l?ndes which it is possible. Sir?s and octopuses g?ts to the bathyscaphe of Jules Verne in Twenty Thousand Miles under the seas (1870), the man has R? what technical and scientific training did not allow him pas..Ce which?it only curiosit?st today of a int?t?nomic and strat?que. needs that it g?re pr?ntent the potential marine environment of living resources and min?les. A better knowledge of the oc?s has on the one hand r?rcussions on fields of activit?tels than the p?e (inventory control and extension of the p?e?es esp?s of deep seas), but also on the exploitation of the layers p?olif?s, since it is estimated that the terrestrial r?rves exc?nt. In addition, one of the major stakes of the conqu? deep seas r?de in the underwater exploitation of the fields of nodules polym?lliques., it is also the plong?subaquatique one. That it is practised like activit?portive or an auxiliary of the arch?ogy, it is a t?in. Hatchet Multim?a/Hachette Delivers in water, it undergoes the clean physical laws. If it is true that the principle of Archim? apply?out body plong?ans a liquid, physiological cons?ences to the plunger. and its r?rcussions on the subaqueous plunger human organism exposes?es serious physiological disorders, being able entra?r death. the first time, the plunger owes?iper for. ?pe imposes the correction of the visual d?rmations. They are the cons?ence of a bad convergence must obtain a mask of glass?' image of?pe consists?allier the d?rdition of heat. It is all the more fast as the plunger limits its movements in order to?nomiser. compos?' a combination int?ale?nche or semi-?nche, to insulate the extr?t?du body. skin and v?ment without circulating there, thus ensuring an effective thermal protection. sea, the man?lue under a constant pressure. the plunger is immersed, the pressure to which it is the pressure exerc?sur the human chest does not allow a activit?ormale respiratory muscles. To compensate for this handicap, the plunger inspires by the air comprim?elon the depth of the immersion per inch carr? and? kg /cm 2 (85,8 pounds per inch carr? for a depth of 50 Mr. these variations of pressure entra?nt a modification on the level of cavit?contenant of the air. the compression of the lungs, of the stomach but also of the sines and the tympanums, constitutes a major risk of a gas contained in a liquid is all the more large as the pressure is large the air or the m?nges gas inspir?lors of the descent are dissolved in blood apr?lor passage through pulmonary alv?es, and that until. Do the risks intervene at the time of the remont? measure that the plunger goes up towards surface, the pressure decreases and the dissolved gases disperse the organization in so far as the oc?aute respects towards surface without respecting time n?ssaire?a total dissolution of gases, it is not any doubt that it will be victim of a d?mpression to the generally dramatic cons?ences (gas embolism entra?nt a paralysis, l?ons nervous. to practise to them activit?ans no risk, of the tables with rigour the number and the dur?des stages?especter at the time of the remont?et that in function the plungers use since 1965 tables GERS. ?que, there were not official tables. in fabric account more and more, which imposes increasingly long stages. 92?blie by the minist? is Work?ndue officially for the premi? time at the leisures. titrates example, a plong??0 m of depth, with a bottle of air of 12 liters volume, can last 15 min, with a stage of 4 min? m. The travailleurs hyperbares. r?lu this probl??.e by the interm?aire maisons under the sea have. They allow s?urner the bottom, to work only once, it there is -?anger at the time of the remont? gases?aute pressure have effects on the organization that the man could not explain until?ujourd' today. They have physiological or psychological cons?ences because they alt?nt the syst? does highly-strung person imm?atement?' spirit bear the name of narcose?' nitrogenizes, sometimes more known under the name of ivresse. of a diving-suit to?ir, to only?artir a depth current of our knowledge, that it is due?a fixing of greases on the syst? does highly-strung person lose all contr? of him - m? : if it is not accompagn?ar a person qualifi? it can have an euphoric behavior, and go until?ter its mask and its end, and give itself death without m? to go technicians of them, constitutes a major handicap in. less soluble h?um, seven times more l?r and four times in greases than nitrogen, allows d?acer. physical laws allows?' man to consider current Des. carry on the m?nges gas d?uvertes r?ntes, the oc?aute is able to reach depths of about 500 m, in plong?simul? does 2000 Hatchet Multim?a/Hachette Deliver underwater, by means other than the plong?libre, has? pratiqu?par the p?eurs of mother-of-pearl, coral and?nge and goes up in IVe front si?e. this p?ode, Aristote d?it what is the premi? bell?longeurs (of the bronze cuves going down in the oc?, the opening dirig?vers bottom and being able to shelter one or more men). According to a l?nde, this apparatus has? utilis?ors of if? of fine Tyr?a of IVe si?e before our. But, lasting of the si?es, the man will run up against the laws of the physics of the fluids of which he is unaware of. the Sienan Jacopo Mariano, known as Taccola, in 1440, inventor of the first diving-suit?agoule and?uyau of air, and palms of swimming drawing? by L?ard de Vinci, it is necessary to wait until 1679 to see a news?pe crossed in underwater exploration dates, the Italian Giovanni Borelli?bore what would have. Curiously, whereas the bases of plong?semblaient acquired, the?lution towards the heavy diving-suit will be made?artir of the id?grecque old woman. Does Halley immerse in water of the Thames, by 18 m basic, a machine appel?cloche of Halley. oc?autes are aliment?en air by the interm?aire. late, Halley will connect the top of the bell?ne pump and, for the premi? times, the plungers can leave the machine, provided with a helmet out of wooden professor fran?s Fr?net equips the plunger with a helmet provided with a port-hole, aliment?n air from surface and poss?nt in its top a valve is assur?par lead soles to wait until 1819 so that the diving-suit takes its form. German Apr?l' Klingert, which thinks, in 1797?rot?r the oc?aute of the cold, the ing?or Auguste Siebe parach? is the diving-suit by?ipant the copper helmet of three port-holes and a v?ment. the use of the?asque diving-suit limited to work n?ssitant a minimum of d?acements on on the one hand in better a?nch??r? ?es sleeves of rubber and in addition in am?gement of a valve r?able of the int?eur. makes it possible to compensate for the induced variations of pressure. the heavy diving-suit pr?nte of the risks of accident not n?igeables, which has endeuill?' history of inh?nts?outes the plong?, the coup of suction cup of the serious accidents, often mortals, suitable for by r?ction of the volume of air, cons?tive?ne reduction in the incapacit?e contr?r its descent towards. The d?mpression is such as the human body is irr?diablement aspir?ers the helmet. In the second case, it acts of a remont?par accumulation of air, often caus?par a dysfunction of is such that the dissolved nitrogen pr?nt in blood which the incurred risks are generally mortals, the heavy diving-suit occupies a marginal place in underwater work. one him pr?re aujourd' today principle of the aqualung is as follows: the totalit?u gas expir?st rejet??' ext?or by the interm?aire of flexible pipes which allow provided with steel bottles of five?ix liters of volume containing a gas comprim?ntre 170 and 180 kg /cm 2 (2 400? 550 pounds per inch carr? who ensures to him an autonomy of approximately 50?0. minutes exists two types of r?lator of pressure, more commun?nt appel??ndor, according to whether it poss?. inspire, it cr?une d?ession?' int?or of one. This derni? is obtur?par a flexible membrane, which is inserted and caused the opening of a valve which is normally ferm?par the pressure of the air contained in the bottle. Thus, the plunger can - it to aspire air frais. the expiry, the gases are?cu?par a valve of expiry, or duck bec, situ?sur the end which the diver holds in his mouth pressure exerc?par water increases. the valve opens until?e that the?ilibre pressures are autonomous or not, in open circuit or ferm?il exists many syst?s of diving-suits, all adapt?aux requirements of exploration or work opened, but nonautonomous, appel?narguil?, is a syst? utilis?our of work of long hard? proc? substitutes?elui heavy diving-suit. Is the plunger reli? a battery of bottles books per inch carr?, by a d?ndor dot?' autonomous a semi-ferm?arque?ircuit a news?pe in underwater exploration exp?mental, this syst? try to minimize the risks of intoxications and intoxication depths in r?isant. m?nge gas h?ox. (h?um + oxyg? ) the proportions vary according to the depth of. The circuit semi-ferm?e caract?se by the pr?nce of a respiratory bag provided with a cartouche aqualung?ircuit ferm?e composes one to r?rvoir?az comprim?d' a d?ndor high pressure and of a flexible respiratory bag being used as room. The gases expir?sont filtr?par the interm?aire of a cartridge which absorbs gas. This device allows a plong?ind?lable from surface, without?ssion of bubbles use is strictly r?rv?au field a certain depth limits its application to the ten first m?es water section. 2000 Hatchet Multim?a/Hachette Delivers and physiological inh?ntes?a plong?imposent a restricted use of simple diving-suits the oc?ographes have tent?' to approach the funds. It appara?un half-si?e later than the donn? scientists in our possession limit current our knowledge, the exploration of deep seas can be done only in one environment under atmosph?que pressure?' int?or of apparatuses?nches and capable of r?ster?es pressures by the biologist am?cain William Beebe, in 1934. The bathysph? is a nonautonomous apparatus: it cannot contr?r its descent, and its remont?se makes by means of a c?e which d?acement maintains it in contact v?cules of will plong?sera inspir?de directly the technique from the airships. In 1946, the Swiss physicist Auguste Piccard, sp?alist of the rises in balloon, goes?iper a sph?. gasoline, of which the densit?st weaker than that of water. this device thus allows a remont? is contr?e by means of ballasts, just like an airship provided with port-holes, is dot?' an engine which ensures him. ?et apparatus, underwater exploration gradually will reach deep seas of the oc?s. six will have to be awaited long ann? to arrive. ?ord of a version am?or?de bathyscaphe. Walsh and Jacques Piccard, wire of the inventor, have technical Malgr?et exploit, the adventure. to arrive?ugmenter autonomy and rays. of a particular kind are destin??a research and with the pr?vements of let us?antillons in full water which are succ?, one diff?ncie those privil?ant the depth of immersion, those privil?ant the dur?d' immersion, and those fascinating of account the plunging ones, or puces of sea, has an applicability which is not that in the neighbourhoods of inconv?ent is compens?ar the fact that they allow. of does this cat?rie have? setting?' water on July 25 1959. it is the uvre of the commander Cousteau. Its diam?e of 2 m and its 1,46 m height allowed?eux men to settle?lat belly?' int?eur. version will be followed of Deep Star /4000. baptis?insi by Am?cains, r?lte of work effectu?sur the SP 1200 by the Office fran?s of underwater research and command?par the commander. Of sph?que form (1,90 m of diam?e), Deep Star?lue?ne speed of 3 n.uds by means of two h?ces lat?les. he can d?acer on a radius of 40 kilom?es. The Institute fran?s of research at sea and the exploitation of the resources (Ifremer) poss? two plunging saucers, whose Nautile, which served?rendre of the images at the time of the op?tion. limit?n depth, which is not?roprement to speak a puce about sea, is M?scaphe of m, of a capacit?e 40 places, it is only destin?au tourism (lake L?n, Switzerland). propri?s and of the capacit?d' underwater exploration complete machine which associates an immersion? 000. The Alvine one of US Navy plunges?ui as? 000. It is?oter that these machines of underwater exploration are primarily idiot? to accomodate two marqu? by large the d?uvertes of cosmos and. XXe si?e, the man seeks?rolonger the hard one? it undertakes a succession of exp?mentations aiming?oser on funds of v?tables houses a few days?lusieurs weeks in?t of compression practise exits r?li?s during their. in this field is due?' oc?ographe am?cain. the op?tion Pr?ntinent I, dirig?par the commander Cousteau, immerses two plungers?ne depth. 1963, are two houses immerg? at sea Red: the exp?ence, Pr?ntinent II, include/understand a dwelling?, 50 m basic, the other resting?ne depth. Are the dwellings respectively food? in air and with a m?nge of h?um and air, this last posing the probl? of entra?r of the single losses s?e of exp?ences in the world ach? with Pr?ntinent III (100 m basic during 20 days), which d?ntre without?ivoque that life in saturation alt? at all plunger facult?des. D?lors, research succ?nt without r?t. Multim?a Hatchet/Hachette Delivers